Carsinoma Doctor

Posts Tagged ‘Cancer’

A study of liver cancer at the University of Navarra receives funds from bank BNP Paribas

The Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) of the University of Navarra has received a grant from the bank BNP Paribas to develop a study on liver cancer, said in a statement.

In particular, BNP Paribas will collaborate with the Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of CIMA, together with the Institut Pasteur in Paris, performed a study to prevent liver cancer in patients with chronic virus hepatitis C.

According to Dr. Jesus Prieto, director of the Department of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, “the causative agent is not eliminated by antiviral therapy, the patient may develop liver cirrhosis.” “Furthermore, this process increases the risk of liver cancer,” he said.

The researcher noted that knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for tumor degeneration is essential for designing effective drugs against this disease.

“In this regard, the CIMA are developing, in collaboration with Dr. Eliane Meurs Paris Pasteur Institute, a research program that aims to inhibit cellular proteins involved in the formation of liver cancer.”

For his part, Juan Briz, communications director of BNP Paribas, said that “after the experience last year in which fund two projects for integration of disabled people, this time the area of Corporate & Investment Banking has decided to devote to research the destinábamos budget by more than 2,000 Christmas gifts for our customers.”

Breast cancer also affects men but in a much smaller percentage (1%) compared to the female population suffer from it. The symptoms are similar to those presented by women, and prognosis and treatment is the same as them and is explained below . The biggest problem I see is that it detects a little later then, to be in a few men, he thinks of others rather than a diagnosis of breast cancer. Joan was showering when he discovered I had a lump in her breast. He did not give too much importance and even spent several months until he decided to go to the doctor to take a look. That was when he was diagnosed “with metastatic breast carcinoma” was the official name. Breast cancer. The year was 1981.

Joan is now 62, and is fine. Their reviews have distanced in time and just go to the doctor once a year to make sure the tumor does not reappear. “The doctor says I do not even need to go, but I do it for my own peace of mind,” he says, adding with humor “at my age I have to watch my cholesterol, prostate … so a revision does not mean anything. ” In the U.S. press this week echoed the case of Senator Edward Brooke, who has just published his illness. Yes, he too was surprised by the diagnosis. “Breast cancer? Did I? “. Yes, men can also suffer from this disease, but statistically your chances are much lower than those of women. Between 0.5 and 1.5 women per hundred cases or so.

That is, more or less, for every hundred female patients, there is a single man. Although the symptoms, treatment and evolution of the disease are identical to those of women, most men with CF discovers somewhat later, when malignant cells have already spread outside the breast tissue. The reasons are simple, no man thinks he can get this disease, traditionally attributed exclusively to the female, and many go to the doctor when several months have passed since the onset of symptoms. Thus, cancer is often already more advanced than women. This may give the wrong impression that men die more, but the statistics indicate that survival is similar, the differences can only be measured according to the stage that is cancer. Read the rest of this entry »

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death among pets, especially when these are more than ten years old. It primarily affects dogs, although cats are also a frequent victim of this evil that both terrifies humans. If your pet has it do not panic, the mere mention of the word cancer tends to create panic, but the truth is that if detected early in most cases are curable. Otherwise, science has developed various treatments, both curative and palliative, which allow the animal to heal while preserving their quality of life.

It is important to be attentive to the behavior of our pets, and to note the disease early can make a difference. Some common signs that may indicate the existence of cancer are abnormal and constant inflammation, ulcers that never heal, loss of appetite, weight loss, bleeding, presence of odor, difficulty eating or swallowing animal, failure to exercise or play, persistent lameness or difficulty breathing, urinating or defecating. However, the fact that your pet has any or some of the symptoms mentioned do not necessarily indicate that you have cancer. It is advisable to do medical tests and X-rays, ultrasounds or blood tests, preferably supervised by a veterinary oncology.

On the issue is very good news. The main thing is to get rid of fear and proceed to treatment. In most cases of canine cancer tumors are benign, unlike the feline cancer. The starting point is to identify how advanced the disease is to define the treatment. Like with humans, cancer in animals is treated with therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, cryosurgery (freezing), hyperthermia (heating) or immunotherapy. Read the rest of this entry »

Definition
The stomach is a part of the digestive tract is a hollow organ located in the upper abdomen below the ribs. Cancer is an abnormal growth and division of cells in our body, are cells that do not regenerate and form tumors or masses of abnormal tissue.

Risk Factors
Nobody knows what causes stomach cancer. Doctors have observed that people with certain risk factors are more likely to develop this disease, including:

People over 72 years on average.
It has been observed that men are more likely to develop stomach cancer.
Stomach cancer is more common in Asians, Hispanics and African Americans.
Studies suggest that people who have a diet high in salt, smoked or pickled foods are at greater risk. The consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables may protect against this disease.
Infection with Helicobacter pylori , a type of bacterium commonly found in the stomach and increases the risk of inflammation and stomach ulcers, but not all people with this infection develop gastric cancer.
People who smoke are more likely to develop cancer.

The presence of other diseases that condition stomach inflammation, may increase the risk of cancer: gastric surgery, chronic gastritis (inflammation of the inner plate of the stomach for long periods) and pernicious anemia.
Family history. There are some cancers that run in families complete due to genetic characteristics.

Symptoms
Early stomach cancer often shows no symptoms, but if the cancer has spread, often seen:

Discomfort in the stomach area
Excessive fullness of the stomach while eating a few foods
Nausea and vomiting
Weight loss without apparent cause
Loss of appetite
Abdominal pain
Indigestion
Vomiting blood
Diagnosis
If you suspect the presence of stomach cancer the doctor will do a medical history to assess their personal and family history and physical examination.

You can also rely on X-ray studies of the esophagus and stomach with barium solution to show in detail the gastric structures. Another consideration is the endoscopy to visualize the stomach by a small camera inserted through the mouth and may also take samples of tissue (biopsy) for study under a microscope and determine the presence of cancer cells.

They can also be used blood tests to determine the presence of anemia, other studies of x-ray computed tomography, ultrasound and laparoscopy to visualize the stomach and nearby organs for sampling.

Classification
This classification determines the extent of spread of stomach cancer.

Stage 0. Cancer is found only in the innermost layer of the stomach. Also called carcinoma in situ .

Stage I. One of the following characteristics:

The tumor has invaded only the submucosa. Cancer cells can be observed up to six lymph nodes.
Or, the tumor has invaded the muscle layer or subserosa. Cancer cells do not spread to lymph nodes or other organs.
Stage II. One of the following characteristics:

The tumor has invaded only the submucosa. The cancer has spread to seven to 15 lymph nodes
Or, the tumor has invaded the muscle layer or subserosa and cancer cells have spread to one to six lymph nodes.
Or, the tumor has penetrated the inner layers of the stomach. Cancer cells do not invade the lymph nodes or other organs.
Stage III. One of the following circumstances:

The tumor has invaded the muscle layer or subserosa. The cancer has spread to seven to 15 lymph nodes.
Or, the tumor has penetrated the outer layer. Cancer cells have spread to one to 15 lymph nodes.
Or, the tumor has invaded nearby organs like the liver or spleen. Cancer cells have not spread to lymph nodes or distant organs.
Stage IV. One of the following conditions:

The cancer has spread to more than 15 lymph nodes
Or, the tumor has invaded adjacent organs, and at least one lymph node
Or the cancer has spread to distant organs.
Recurrent cancer. Cancer that has re-emerged in the stomach or other body part.

Treatment
Depending on size and location of tumor, stage of disease and overall health. May include surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

It is a type of kidney cancer in which cancer cells are found in the lining of very small tubes (tubules) in the kidney.

Causes and Risk Factors
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults and occurs most often in people 50 to 70 years of age.

There is no known exact cause.

Among the risk factors are:

Treatment with dialysis
Family history of disease
Genetics
Hypertension
Horseshoe kidney
Smoking
Von Hippel-Lindau disease (an inherited disease that affects the capillaries of the brain, eyes and other body parts)
Symptoms
Abdominal pain
Back pain
Blood in urine
Enlarged veins around the testicle (varicocele)
Flank pain
Swelling or enlargement of the abdomen
Unintentional weight loss
Other symptoms that may occur include:

Constipation
Cold intolerance
Excessive hair growth in women
Pallor
Vision abnormalities
Sometimes both kidneys are involved. The cancer spreads easily, usually to the lungs and other organs. In about a third of patients, the cancer has spread (metastasized) to the time of diagnosis.

Researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (USA) have identified a key protein, called GSNOR, which could prevent the development of liver cancer in certain patients. His work, done in mice, published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

The authors found that a key protein responsible for monitoring the effects of nitric oxide in the body, called GSNOR, is essential in protecting against liver cancer in mice. The findings open the way for new therapeutic methods to identify patients at risk of liver cancer and stop the cancer early preventive measures.

Liver cancer, which is based largely on the infection by hepatitis B or C, is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Nitric oxide is generated double-edged sword to protect the organs of the infection but constant levels in the body are very toxic. The regulation of nitric oxide levels in the body requires GSNOR, a protein that turns off the gas.

The scientists, led by Wei Wei, found that levels of GSNOR found at very low levels in patients with liver cancer. In half of the patients studied the protein levels were between 50 and 90 percent lower than normal.

Furthermore, when the researchers removed GSNOR of mice by genetic modification, protein-deficient animals developed liver cancer and by stopping the production of nitric oxide animal prevented the development of cancer.

The authors believe that GSNOR is a kind of gatekeeper of liver cancer in mice to ensure the health of a DNA repair enzyme and eliminate harmful nitric oxide molecules before they can cause damage.

These results imply that individuals with a deficiency in GSNOR and high amounts of nitric oxide in the liver may be at increased risk of liver cancer. Thus, increased GSNOR levels in patients could provide a therapeutic approach to prevent liver cancer.

The cancer is not always painful. But when you sit, you can limit your life and exhausting enough forces that both need to fight this disease. Fortunately, now you can do much to control and reduce the pain associated with cancer. In life and health are some tips to get you started to seek relief.

It is logical that when you have pain, you sad, angry, and you feel that you run out of strength. But do not let defeat or accept pain as something that can not be changed because it is not. According to the American Cancer Society, almost any pain caused by different types of cancer can be relieved or controlled.

Do not stay silent. If you feel pain, say, for no one but you feel it and know how bad it is. The oncologist (cancer specialist) is the person who can help you find a suitable treatment for your pain. For him or her, controlling your pain is part of your cancer treatment, so do not be afraid to ask for help. But remember that the earlier you talk your doctor, the better, since it is easier to identify its causes and treat it. Sometimes, for example, pain can be a side effect of treatment you are doing to fight cancer. Or it could be a warning sign of another problem.

Plan to control pain. Your doctor will need to carefully evaluate you to define what treatment is best for you, considering your type of cancer, the type of pain that does not affect the treatment of cancer and will cause the fewest side effects. And they are likely to be designed around a plan that includes testing various treatment until you find one that works best for you, this will include some visits to assess the process. Be guided by your doctor and do not despair, for though it is possible to control cancer pain (if you see), sometimes the result does not happen overnight.

Identifies the type of pain . The pain you feel (if you had it) depends on the type of cancer you have, the state where you are and your level of tolerance for pain. But overall there are three types of pain:
Sharp : When you have pain that lasts long and that is related to a specific cause like an internal injury or a problem specific to an organ
Chronic : when pain is persistent and lasts a long time, either light or heavy
Sudden it’s like a sudden burst of pain that can break even when you’re in the middle of your treatment for pain and suffering make up for an hour, some people with chronic pain also felt such pain from time to time
The treatment you receive will always depend on the type of pain you have.

Analgesics. These drugs are designed specifically for pain relief and are used more often. In some cases, your oncologist will prescribe drugs lasting effect, especially when your pain is chronic, which must take on a schedule so as to keep the pain under control. And when you have sudden pain frequently, you may be prescribed short-acting drugs but short-lived, also called “rescue medications.”

Within the analgesics can find OTC options for mild pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), aspirin and ibuprofen (Motrin or Advil). And your oncologist can prescribe you opiates such as morphine for severe pain and other pain medicines that are not (designed for pain) but help to control pain, such as antidepressants, steroids and anticonvulsants, among others.

Medical procedures. In some cases, your doctor may recommend: radiation for pain or to shrink the tumor, chemotherapy does not cure cancer but reduces the size and it lessens the pain, injections of radioactive substances that go to bone and kill the tumor there ; injections around the nerves or the spinal cord to block pain (epidural injection in the column is an example); neurosurgery to cut the nerves that transmit pain, among others.

Alternative treatments. When you feel pain, your body tenses, anxieties you and your anxiety increases, and that only makes the pain worse or feel more. Meditation, acupuncture, relaxation techniques, hypnosis, biofeedback, electrical stimulation of trans-cutaneous nerve, psychological therapy and support groups can be excellent additions to your treatment to help you be more relaxed (a) and to teach manage your pain and disease.

And as these, there are many options to help you find some relief. Science is not only constantly researching possible cures for cancer, but also better ways to cope with this disease.
In addition, the pain is not your obligation to the contrary, it is your right to receive treatment to relieve it. Ask for it, get it. If necessary, there is also pain specialists can help.

One of the main fears people express when they are diagnosed with cancer and their families, is pain. How bad is it? Are there effective ways to control it?. About 75 percent of people with this disease experience moderate to severe pain, “says Martha Ximena Leon paliativista of the Universidad de la Sabana. The specialist explains that socially and culturally this type of pain is, by its nature, special significance.

Not only is it inevitable that some would qualify as the antechamber of death, but always implies both an emotional burden for those who suffer and for people around these patients.

Why hurt?
When cancer tissues can become inflamed, destroyed and undergo alterations in structure or biochemical composition.

These factors activate specific pain receptors, which are anything but free nerve endings that are in charge of unpleasant information that identifies the brain as pain.

Although the mechanism is one, there are different types of pain associated with this disease. For its duration, these may be classified as acute (presented for short periods of time) or chronic (if accompanied by a long period of illness).

Similarly may be incidental, as displayed when the person moves. They are also classified according to the affected site and the mechanism that produces them.

When activated are somatic pain receptors in skin and deep tissues, that of metastases that kind of pain.

They can also be visceral when infiltration or direct action on the viscera (the case of pancreatic pain) or neuropathic when there is damage or direct involvement of the nervous system.

Although the disease itself is the cause of most pain (78 percent), radio and treatments like chemotherapy and surgery they also cause these symptoms in twenty of every hundred patients.

Between 2 and 3 percent feel pain from ailments other than cancer, but that course with him (such as osteoporosis and inflammatory processes).

Sandra Florez paliativista of the Universidad de la Sabana, explains that cancer pain is not specific. “The sensation can vary, depending on their causes and characteristics can present as colic, burns, burning, stinging and like having a weight. It is a permanent sign, which in most cases affects the quality of life of people” he says.

There are more options for controlling

In addition to the drugs there are other measures to mitigate the pain that can be used in specific conditions:

1. Psychosocial interventions: relaxation, hypnosis, psychotherapy.

2.Rehabilitación: physiotherapy, massage, exercise, electrical stimulation.

3. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy to shrink the tumor and its local symptoms. It is especially useful in bone pain, radicular (nerve root) or soft tissue infiltration.

4. Intrathecal opioids, are administered through catheters that go directly to the brain or spinal cord areas (Intraventricular or epidural) or reservoirs (pumps) under the skin, provide medications in a regulated and controlled by the patient.

5. Neurolytic blocks, radiofrequency or chemically block the nerves that transmit pain.

6. Neurological stimulators, implanted in the brain or spinal cord, in severe cases can block painful stimuli in these structures.

Integrated management in pain clinics

Treat the pain of people with cancer is an integral part of treatment. Should be conducted by an interdisciplinary team known as clinical pain it brings together doctors, nurses, psychologists, therapists and social workers, whose mission is to address all aspects of the patient.

Most times these patients can ensure adequate relief.

The World Health Organization 30 years ago created the analgesic ladder, a strategy of escalation of drugs are based on opium derivatives.

These occur with time, dose and strict order and tidy until there is relief.

All cancers do not occur as tumors that can be seen on the surface of the body. And so these tumors are not easy to notice and monitor. In many cases ill cancer symptoms manifest as symptoms that relate directly to the organ it affects. Symptoms such as diarrhea or gastrointestinal bleeding associated with a tumor in the stomach or small and large intestines. Similarly, cancer, hormone-producing organs are manifested in the form of endocrinal disorders and tumors of the brain or spinal cord are associated with neurological symptoms.

However there are cases where the cancer produces general symptoms that point to a specific organ. For example, symptoms of liver cancer in dogs with symptoms of loss of appetite, a distended stomach and weakness, but may be associated with cancer and other ailments. Some of the other nonspecific symptoms include weight loss, fever, muscle weakness, skin rash, hair loss and lethargy.

As such, a wait and a wait can be extremely dangerous because there is always an accompanying risk of metastasis. Diagnostic procedures and laboratory research and radiological tests are very helpful in determining the existence of a cancer in the body in its early stages. The procedures used in human oncology are similar to those used to determine the prevalence of cancer in pets including feline cancer.

X-rays are probably the most commonly used technique for radiographic imaging, for advanced facilities such as CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are not widely available in veterinary medicine. The CT and MRI provide much better results in the ability to render three-dimensional images of the section of the areas hidden behind tissue.

The ultrasound imaging is commonly used by veterinarians to solid organs and Guir needles into the body to remove fluid from a tumor for laboratory examination. PET (positron emission tomography) is a recent addition to diagnostic procedures canine cancer.

The prevalence of cancer may also be determined by molecules called tumor markers. Cancer cells produce molecules that are different from those which are produced by normal cells. Several tumor markers are associated with the organs, and also provide vital information on prognosis, treatment and supervision.