Carsinoma Doctor

Posts Tagged ‘Cancer cells’

This information is valuable, as some will not apply, perhaps not even read, but you better know it:

Years after being telling people chemotherapy is the only way to treat and eliminate cancer, John Hopkins Hospital finally began to tell us no alternative.

1) Every person has cancer cells in the body. These cancer cells do not appear in the standard tests until they have multiplied to a few billion. When doctors tell cancer patients that found no cancer cells in their bodies after treatment, it just means the tests can not detect these cells in detectable size.

2) Cancer cells occur between 6 to more than 10 times in the life of a person.

3) When a person’s immune system is strong, it destroys cancer cells and prevents the formation of n Multiplication tumors.

4) When a person has cancer it indicates that it has multiple nutritional deficiencies. This may be genetic, environmental, food and lifestyle factors.

5) One way to overcome the multiple nutritional deficiencies, changing diet and including supplements will strengthen the immune system.

6) Chemotherapy is poison fast-growing cancer cells, but this also means that healthy cells are poisoned by rapid growth in the bone marrow, intestinal tract, etc., And can cause organ damage, like liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, etc. ..

7) Radiation while destroying cancer cells also burns, scars and damages healthy cells, tissues and organs. Read the rest of this entry »

Radiation therapy administered high-energy X-rays that can destroy rapidly multiplying cancer cells. It has many uses in lung cancer:

* As primary treatment
* To reduce the size of the tumor before surgery
* After surgery to remove cancer cells that may have formed on the treated area
* To treat lung cancer that has spread to the brain or other body parts

In addition to attacking the tumor, radiation therapy helps relieve some symptoms such as shortness of breath. As initial treatment instead of surgery, radiation therapy can be given alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Today, many patients with small lung cancer that is accessible by an X-ray beam but are not candidates for surgery, received curative doses of radiotherapy. This group may include the elderly, patients with chronic heart failure, and those who receive blood arralar medications that put them at risk of bleeding during surgery. More recently, greater use is being given a new technique called Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT). It involves a multitude of small radiation beams focused tracking the lung tumor in conjunction with breathing movements, usually three to five treatments. This treatment delivers high doses of radiation therapy or lung cancer patients for whom surgery is not an option.

Most of the time the radiation was administered with external beam technique, with which a beam of X-rays directly to the tumor. Treatment is given in a series of sessions, or fractions, usually for six weeks. Some studies have obtained good results and fewer side effects when the total dose of radiation is given in more fractions in a shorter time period. For more details see page of external beam radiation therapy. The three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is a relatively new technique that is based on three-dimensional image of tumor obtained with computed tomography (CT). This image serves as the target for a beam of high-dose radiation that automatically changes shape and size to match the tumor. This method minimizes radiation exposure to surrounding normal lung tissue.

Chemotherapy involves using drugs to kill cancer cells. There are over 50 different drugs to combat the disease and prevent the growth, multiplication and dissemination of malignant cells.

When they are healthy, they grow and divide in a controlled fashion, but cancer cells are characterized precisely by the uncontrolled growth. Therefore, these agents, which can be used alone or in combination, are intended to block this proliferation chaotic.

The treatment duration, dose, drugs and so on. depend on factors as diverse as cancer, its location, general condition … This is only a brief guide that under no circumstances can replace the doctor, ask him any questions that arise before starting therapy.

Surgery is usually the first treatment carried out. Often, radiation is added to complete the treatment.
This is major surgery, so that hospitalization is necessary for a variable time according to the patient (it is usually one to two weeks). It will also require general anesthesia.

The incision for the surgery has to be wide, above the navel and horizontal.

Before the intervention, it is necessary to study preoperative called (blood and clotting, electrocardiogram and chest radiograph).

Prior to surgery the patient should be informed about the technique to use, risks and possible complications and sequelae and side effects. You must then sign a paper in which he gives his consent.

The most common technique employed is the removal of the entire uterus, along with surrounding tissue, part of the vagina and lymph. Sometimes, if the tumor is more advanced, the ovaries are removed, what is known as a hysterectomy.

There are other types of surgery and cryosurgery, which involves removing the tumor by freezing, laser surgery, which uses a beam of intense light to kill cancer cells, the cone, which consists in extracting a piece of cloth into a cone shape of the place where the tumor for a biopsy or to treat early stage cancer, the loop electrosurgical excision, which used an electrical current and exenteration in the case the cancer has spread and is necessary to remove the lower colon, rectum or bladder, so it is likely that after this the patient may need plastic surgery to form an artificial vagina.
For young women with early lesions and willing to have children, the uterus can be preserved by limited resections. In these cases it is very often necessary to make revisions.

Often after surgery, radiation therapy adds to lessen the chances that the disease may reappear in the area of intervention.

Like almost all surgery, it will also have impacts and adverse effects. Upon awakening from anesthesia, the patient will feel pain in the area and will have to be moving slowly recovering when the pain is mild. Should be kept clean the wound. This will be done by medical personnel while not removed the points, and once that is done, the patient should continue to be especially careful with that issue. An important point to full recovery is the resumption of sexual activity, an issue that is important to discuss with your gynecologist.

TREATMENT
There are treatments for all cancer patients with small cell lung. Used three kinds of cancer treatment, surgery (limited stage), radiation (for the primary tumor and metastases) and chemotherapy (in all phases of extension)

LIMITED STAGE
1. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the chest with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation
2. Chemotherapy with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation.
3. Surgery followed by chemotherapy with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation.

EXTENSIVE STAGE
1. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the chest with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation
2. Chemotherapy with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation.
3. Radiotherapy of metastases (brain, bones)

RECURRENT STAGE
1. Radiation therapy to reduce pain
2. There are clinical trials of new drugs.

It is a disease in which cells are cancerous (malignant) in the tissues of the lung. This appears lung cancer in smokers or former smokers.

SYMPTOMS
Cough may appear different from the usual or chest pain does not go away, noise in breathing, shortness of breath (dyspnea), spitting up blood, hoarseness, or swelling of the face and neck. The prognosis and choice of treatment depend on the extent to which stage the cancer, tumor size, or type of lung cancer.

STAGE EXTENSION
Staging is a classification that is performed after appropriate studies to define the extent of cancer (cancer cells) by the lung, or areas near the body.

Thus we can distinguish the following stages as cancer cells are found in:

Limited stage: cells appear only in one lung and nearby lymph nodes.
Extensive stage: Cancer cells have spread outside the lung to other tissues in the chest or other body parts.
Recurrent Stage: When cells appear again after receiving treatment.

Symptoms that presents a woman who has been diagnosed with cervical cancer and it is in advanced stage are loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, bone fractures, heavy vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, back and legs, one-leg inflammation, leakage of urine or feces from the vagina

Types
There are two types of cervical cancer according to place of origin in the cervix:
* Squamous cell carcinoma: derived from ectocervix and the vagina
* Adenocarcinoma: comes from the inner cells of the cervix (cervical canal)

Generally breast cancers are classified according to three factors: 1) the site that originated the carcinoma or tumor, 2) the degree of invasion, 3) the appearance of cells seen under a microscope.
Breast cancer is classified into the following types:

• Carcinoma in situ
In situ means “in place.” It is a type of cancer does not invade deep and is considered likely to be cured by simple removal of the tumor. It is located in the ducts of the lobules, has not spread to fatty tissue near the breast or other organs. Not metastasize, do not invade blood vessels or nodes.

There are two types of carcinoma in situ:

- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS): Also called neoplasm (tumor) lobular. It originates in the lobes or lobules of the breast (milk glands manufacturers). Not through the walls of these so I generally do not become invasive cancer. However, there are cases where it can develop into invasive lobular carcinoma.

Types of Breast Cancer
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is also called intraductal carcinoma. It is the most common type of noninvasive breast cancer that exists, in which abnormal cells are present in the lining of a breast duct. In this case the cancer cells spread through the walls into fatty tissue of the breast. Treatment includes surgery or radiation, which are generally favorable to the cure of the disease. However, if not treated early can become invasive.

While lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is only a marker of future cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), is a predictor of invasive cancer in the future.

• ductal carcinoma infiltrating (or invasive)
It originates in the milk-producing glands. May spread to the lymph channels or blood vessels within and distributed to other parts of the body. This is the most common type of tumor in breast cancer.

• lobular carcinoma infiltrating (or invasive)
Also originates in the milk-producing glands and can spread to other parts of the body. It is estimated that between 10 and 15 percent of invasive cancers fall into this classification.

• Medullary carcinoma
Estimated to be responsible for 5 percent of all cases of breast cancer. In it, the cancer cells are clustered at the edges of the tumor cells are the immune system that serve to attack and destroy abnormal cells and other foreign agents such as bacteria or viruses.

• colloid carcinoma.
Consists of cells that produce mucus. In medical terms is called mucinous carcinoma. It belongs to the invasive ductal cancer and has a favorable prognosis to be less likely to spread the cancer invasive ductal or invasive lobular.

• tubular carcinoma.
Tubular carcinoma is a special type of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Are less likely to spread outside the breast, compared with invasive ductal cancer or invasive lobular. Is responsible for 2% of all cases of breast cancer.

• Inflammatory breast cancer.
It is very common, representing only 1 percent of breast cancers. Symptoms include hot, red skin, with the appearance of an orange peel. The cancer cells block the lymph vessels of the skin, ie it is not a simple inflammation. This cancer is more likely to spread and the prognosis is less encouraging than other types.

What is thyroid cancer?
This disease is the most common tumor of the endocrine system. It has, however, a low incidence, being responsible for 1% of all cancer deaths. Predominates in women (2:1) and its frequency increases with age.

Thyroid cancer is classified into different types, depending on the cells that form. So basically described: papillary carcinoma, follicular, Hurthle cell, medullary, and anaplastic.

These tumors are extremely variable in their behavior, from moderate to fatal aggression.

These tumors are extremely variable in their behavior, from moderate to fatal aggression.

What factors contribute to osteoporosis?
Not clearly known what causes this type of tumor except their relationship with ionizing radiation (radiotherapy). Multiple cases have been detected 10 or 20 years after having received such treatment. Also shuffled a number of other factors that contribute to its genesis:

Thyroid Cancer
The possible association with other thyroid diseases.
The elevation of the TSH that causes a constant stimulation of the thyroid gland.
Areas of endemic goiter.
Predisposing genetic factors.

Papillary carcinoma

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It is the most common thyroid tumor, about 60% of the total. Is the lowest grade of malignancy. Usually occurs in young, predominantly women. In these patients usually identified a history of prior radiotherapy.

The tumor grows slowly and often spreads to lymph adjacent neck adenopathies leading to detectable by palpation in the area. Distant spread is rare.

In general, the individual goes to the doctor when you notice a painless nodule in the anterior neck (thyroid nodule) or to observe swollen glands in the neck.

The doctor then performed, various tests, may find the following findings:

Blood: The thyroid hormones are normal.
Ultrasound of the thyroid: solid nodule, ill-defined, with some liquid inside areas.
Thyroid scintigraphy: generally behaves as a cold nodule, ie after the injection of isotope is objectively low uptake in the thyroid.
Biopsy of the thyroid.

Treatment depends on the size. The smaller ones are treated with partial resection of the gland while large require a total resection (total thyroidectomy) and radioactive iodine (I131).

Is a tumor of low grade malignancy with a 10-year mortality of 5-10%. However, there are groups of patients where the prognosis dims:

Elderly.
Males.
Tumors larger than 4 cm.
Local and distant spread. The regional lymph nodes (near the thyroid) do not worsen the prognosis.
Undifferentiated tumors, ie the most immature.

Follicular Carcinoma
Accounts for 10-15% of all thyroid carcinomas and the second in frequency. Also prevalent in women and occurs at older ages, especially in the elderly. We detected a higher number of cases in areas of endemic goiter. The first symptom is usually the detection of a lump or mass in the thyroid that has grown slowly, is hard and almost always painless. It is not often the existence of nodes involved in areas close to it. In the analysis of blood is no objective alteration of thyroid function and hormones are normal and usually behaves scintigraphy as a cold nodule. The ultrasound is not specific. A biopsy is needed to assess the degree of tumor invasion. It is also considered a tumor of low grade malignancy but a worse prognosis than papillary carcinoma. Distance spread more often through the blood, coming mainly the lungs, bones and liver. Evolution is worse in patients with:

Older than 40-50 years.
A variant of the tumor invading blood vessels, with a mortality of 40% at 10 years.
Tumors larger than 6 cm, although in this case the size is not as important as in the papillary ..
Metastasis.