Carsinoma Doctor

Posts Tagged ‘Cancer cells’

Cancers of the head and neck cancer include nose and throat, thyroid tumors, mouth cancer, salivary gland cancer and cancer of the larynx (voice box) and upper respiratory tract. These cancers are discussed below.

Cancer of the nose and throat
Cancers that begin in the lining of the nasal cavity and throat are called nasopharyngeal cancers. Have an incidence of approximately 1 in every 100,000 people under 20 years of age in the United States.

Nasopharyngeal cancer occurs in association with infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, for its acronym in English), the virus associated with infectious mononucleosis. This cancer most frequently spreads to lymph nodes in the neck, which can alert the patient, parent or caregiver the presence of this tumor. It can also spread to the nose, mouth and pharynx, causing snoring, nosebleeds, obstruction of the Eustachian tubes, or hearing loss. In addition, it can invade the base of the skull, causing cranial nerve palsy or difficulty with movement in the jaw (lockjaw). Between distant sites to which this cancer can spread include the bones, lungs and liver.
Unusual Cancers of Childhood

The treatment combines the use of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This tumor usually has already spread to the bones of the skull and neck lymph nodes at diagnosis and, therefore, the primary role of surgery is to obtain adequate diagnostic material from a biopsy of the lymph nodes or the primary site.

Esthesioneuroblastoma

Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma) is a small tumor, rare, which originates in the olfactory bulb (the organ responsible for the sense of smell) located in front of the brain. Most children have a tumor in the nose or throat at the time of diagnosis. The tumor can spread to the eyes, sinuses, and the front of the brain. Esthesioneuroblastoma occurs most often in children and usually appears during adolescence. It is very rare for the disease spreading to other parts of the body. Generally, treatment for this disease consists of surgery and radiotherapy could also use chemotherapy.

Thyroid Tumors

Thyroid tumors (a gland near the windpipe that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism) are classified as adenomas or carcinomas. Adenomas are benign growths that can cause inflammation of the gland or part of it, which extends on both sides of the neck and can be quite large. Some of these tumors may secrete hormones. The transformation to a malignant carcinoma (cancer) can start in some cells, which can then grow and spread to the lymph nodes in the neck and lungs.

Most thyroid carcinomas occur in girls. Thyroid carcinomas are differentiated tumors, meaning they tend to grow slowly and are not very malignant.

The treatment required for all thyroid tumors is surgery. We recommend total thyroidectomy (surgical removal of complete thyroid) or removal of part of the thyroid gland, depending on the type of tumor. After the operation, should be administered hormone replacement therapy to offset the loss of thyroid hormone. Assessments are needed at intervals of 4 or 6 months to determine whether the disease has spread to the lungs. Thyroid cancer patients have generally, excellent survival with minimal side effects. Even patients whose cancer has spread to the lungs may expect that with the right treatment, not reduce their years of life.

Cancers of the mouth

Mouth cancer is extremely rare in children and adolescents. It occurs mostly in adults over age 50 who used snuff for many years, but can occur in people who have had other tumors of children and have received radiotherapy in this area. There is evidence that oral cancer in younger primarily due to the use of moist snuff by preadolescent males. It has been observed changes in texture, color and shape of the tissues inside the mouth in more than half of teens who use snuff chewing. Precancerous lesions are common among children. Squamous cell carcinoma, which is the most common type of cancer in these sites should be distinguished from benign (not cancerous) of the throat and neck. Other tumors in this region may include ameloblastoma and adamantinoma, rare tumors that may arise in the bones of the jaw.

Salivary gland cancer

The salivary glands are the parts of the mouth and throat that produce saliva. Many of these tumors arise in the parotid gland. About 15 percent of these tumors may arise in the submandibular glands or minor salivary glands, under the tongue or jaw. These tumors most often are benign, but on rare occasions may be malignant (cancerous). The malignant lesions include adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, acinic cell carcinomas and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. These tumors may occur after a person has received radiation therapy for primary leukemia or solid tumors. Complete surgical resection is the preferred treatment whenever possible, with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis (outcome) for patients with these tumors is generally good.

Laryngeal Cancer

Benign and especially malignant (cancerous) tumors of the larynx (vocal cords) are very rare. Malignant tumors may be associated with benign tumors such as polyps and papillomas. These tumors can cause hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Rhabdomyosarcoma (a malignant tumor of muscle tissue) is the most common malignant tumors of the larynx in the pediatric population. Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx should be treated with surgery and radiation. The first type of treatment used for these lesions may be the laser surgery.

Papillomatosis of the larynx is a benign overgrowth of tissues lining the larynx. This condition is not cancerous. These tumors can cause hoarseness because of their association with wart-like nodules of the vocal cords can also spread into the lung and larynx cancer.

Sulforaphane when released in the gut stimulates the production of powerful enzymes that are capable of destroying food substances that promote colon cancer (mainly contained in very roasted meat).

Botanists are developing a variety of broccoli (superbrócoli) that may help fight this cancer.

This new variety of broccoli retains its traditional flavor, but has 100 times more sulforaphane, (compound capable of destroying the contents carcinogens in food).

It is recommended to eat broccoli people treated for colon cancer during the subsequent six to twelve months after surgery.

One type of echovirus (EV1) could be an effective agent against ovarian cancer, according to International Journal of Cancer.

Researchers at the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, conducted an experiment in animal model indicates that the EV1 is capable of destroying tumor cells of ovarian cancer, opening certain therapeutic possibilities.

Scientists found that EV1 infects and destroys the cells of human ovarian cancer, without damaging the surface of normal cells of the ovary.

Ovarian tumors grafted into mice and inoculated directly EV1 in these tumors. Very quickly, it reduced the size of them and even other tumors distant from the site of injection.

Also abdominal administration of EV1 was effective against the proliferation of ovarian cancers grafted into the abdominal cavity of mice.

The researchers suggest that, given these data on ovarian cancer, presents an attractive therapeutic alternative to treatments involving surgery followed by chemotherapy.

When we talk about the benefits of tea, green tea is often obviously be first on the list. However, this wonderful medicinal tea is not the only tea that contains positive health properties, any type of tea has its own benefits to prevent a particular disease, including some very complicated as it may be cancer.

The increasing scientific evidence regarding this point, and Dr. Christina Nagle’s Institute of Medical Research in Queensland has shown a number of animal research that green tea, black tea and other herbal tea can reduce risk of ovarian cancer by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells in the body.

Nagle’s work focused on animals, for the answer of your body in relation to the intake of compounds characteristic of green tea, black tea and other herbal teas. After the tests it was found that these infusions inhibit cancer cell growth of ovarian cancer by 30%.

We do not know if this works the same way, but the study results are compared with the earlier evidence provided by this research, published in Cancer Causes and Control, allowing for humans risking their effect would be a reduction in cancer risk Ovarian around 40%.

Women diagnosed with cervical cancer must not only fight against this evil, but also against the emotional impact that it causes in their daily lives and in their relationship.

Women diagnosed with cervical cancer must not only fight against this evil, but also against the emotional impact that it causes in their daily lives and in their relationship. Therefore, specialists say, is also receiving psychological support necessary to overcome to achieve this clinical condition.

At present, cervical cancer, whose causative agent is human papilloma virus (HPV), occupies, after breast cancer, the second leading cause of death among Mexican women between 25 and 64 years of age. In the northern region especially breast cancer has been increasing.

According to the Pan American Health Organization, it is estimated that Mexico was diagnosed about 12 thousand new cases per year and 12 deaths occur daily for cervical cancer, being more common in southeastern states.

Depending on the age and the progress that the cancer of the cervix, the woman must undergo from treatments involving surgery, radiation and chemotherapy in the pelvis, to the removal of the womb and ovaries (hysterectomy).

“These facts, plus the lack of knowledge about the disease, resulting in situations that may psychologically damage her and her family,” said Dolores Gallardo Rincón, an oncologist.

One of the most traumatic processes is hysterectomy, which is seen as a mutilation. According to the expert, “the patients stated that they have a feel of how if they were empty inside, complain that your partner no longer looking for them.” It is also possible that menopausal symptoms, state of melancholy and anxiety. Because cervical cancer, the woman’s sexual life is severely disrupted.

According to the specialist, patients fear that if they have sex can hurt after diagnosis, the treatment not work, making the cancer relapse, or that there is any change in sexual function after hysterectomy. In fact, some sufferers experience a decrease or even a mental block sexual desire, that is why we considered it necessary to receive psychological support.

And is that many times women face this complex scenario alone, without support from your partner. The expert acknowledged that sometimes the patients suffer indifference or abandonment by her partner.

Chemotherapy drugs are toxic to cancer cells. These drugs are usually given by injection into a vein or directly through a catheter inserted into a larger vein. Often given after surgery to kill small groups of cancer cells that may have been, chemotherapy can cause the tumor to grow less rapidly, and alleviate symptoms in patients who can not be operated. This treatment may be used at all stages of lung cancer and can prolong life even in the elderly if they are in good general health. Some chemotherapy drugs increase the damage caused by radiation to cancer cells. Other drugs keep tumor cells in a stage where they are more susceptible to radiation, or reduce the ability of cancer cells to repair after a course of radiotherapy. There is increasing evidence that a combination of these drugs and radiotherapy is more effective than radiotherapy alone, but there is a risk of serious side effects.

Chemotherapy causes many serious side effects including severe nausea and vomiting, and damage to white blood cells needed to fight infections, however, now there are ways to address some of these effects. Some patients with lung cancer will have to decide whether it is worth suffering side effects and diminished quality of life in order to prolong life a bit more.